@article{oai:biwako-seikei.repo.nii.ac.jp:00002776,
 author = {青木, 豊明 and アオキ, トヨアキ and Aoki,  Toyoaki},
 journal = {自然と環境 ＝ Nature and its environment},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {The solar illuminance intensity and the surface temperature of five outdoor sport surfaces, namely, artificial turf, natural turf, artificial track, clay track, and tennis court (artificial turf infilled with sand), were measured from February 2004 to January 2005. On August 11, 2004 at 11:00 in the summer, the surface temperatures of the artificial and natural turfs, the artificial and clay tracks, and the tennis court were 67.0, 42.2, 63.9, 45.1 and 59.3 °C, respectively. On January 20, 2005 at 11:00 in the winter, the surface temperatures of the same fields were 19.6, 11.5, 21.8, 10.8, and 11.8 °C, respectively.  The maximum surface temperatures were in descending order as follows; artificial turf > artificial track > tennis court > clay track > natural turf. The surface temperatures of all the sport surfaces increased with the solar illuminance intensity to around 110 kLx. The illuminance intensity began to level off around 110 kLx. The albedos of the sport surfaces seem to have a qualitative relationship to the surface temperatures rather than the effect of illuminance intensity. If the materials and the vertical structure of surfaces remain the same, it is possible to comparatively estimate the surface temperature by using the albedo.},
 pages = {40--48},
 title = {Effect of Solar Illuminance and Albedo on Surface Temperature of Outdoor Sport Surfaces},
 volume = {11},
 year = {2009}
}